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All About Fuel Cells & Alternative Fuel Vehicles

The history of the fuel cell can be tracedhigher efficiency than diesel or gas engines
back to the 19th century. Since then thewhich makes them an ideal source of efficient
development and usage of fuel cells in apower for alternative fuel vehicles* Most
variety of applications have come a long way.fuel cells operate silently, while internal
Fuel cells hold great promise for fuelingcombustion engines do not* Fuel cells can
alternative fuel vehicles. Here is some ofoperate for longer times than batteries,
the history of the development of fueltherefore to double the operating time, only
cells:* William Grove invented the fuel cellthe fuel needs to be doubled and not the
in 1839.* General Electric invented protoncapacity of the unit itself* The maintenance
exchange membrane fuel cells in the 1950s*of fuel cells is relatively straightforward
Francis Bacon demonstrated a 5kW alkalinesince there are few moving parts in the
fuel cell in 1959.* NASA's use of fuel cellssystemDisadvantages* Energizing fuel cells
during the Apollo space missions in the 1960scontinues to be a major problem while
was the first commercial use of fuel cells.*production, transportation, distribution and
Alkaline fuel cells have flown over 100storage of hydrogen remains difficult*
missions and operated for more than 80,000Reforming hydrocarbons via a reformer to
hours in spacecrafts operated by NASA.* Theproduce hydrogen is technically challenging
US Navy has been using fuel cells inand not actually environmentally friendly*
submarines since the 1980s* Fuel cell busesThe refuelling and the starting time of fuel
are running in several cities around thecell vehicles are longer, while the driving
world, the largest being the European Unionrange is shorter than in a conventional
backed CUTE project (Clean Urban Transportvehicle* Fuel cells are normally somewhat
for Europe).* All major automakers havelarger than comparable batteries or engines,
prototypes of alternative fuel vehicles usinghowever, the size of the units continues to
fuel cells on the road-some have already beendecrease with research and testing* Fuel
leased to customers.* Iceland has plans tocells are currently expensive to produce,
convert its fishing fleet from diesel enginessince most units are hand-made and some use
to hydrogen fuel cells as part of a nationalexpensive materials* The technology is not
project to create a fossil fuel free economy*yet fully developed, therefore few products
Several car manufacturers are hoping toare readily availableAlthough hydrogen fuel
produce their first semi-commercial models ofcells appear to be the most promising source
fuel cell cars by 2005, yet they will mostof alternative fuel, other sources are being
probably not be mass produced until 2010.*researched and tested. Alternative
Numerous fuel cell products will be coming totransportation fuels provide economic
market-portable direct methanol fuel cellsadvantages while also offering significant
will power mobile phones, laptops and camerasenvironmental benefits. They offer air
in the near future* A fuel cell is around 60%quality advantages through reduced emissions
efficient at converting fuel to power, doubleand some fuels produce less greenhouse gas
the efficiency of an internal combustion gasemissions than gasoline. There's significant
engine-which makes it perfect for alternativeresearch being conducted worldwide. Canada,
fuel vehicles.Fuel cells have severalfor example, is recognized as a world leader
advantages over conventional power sourcesin the development and use of alternative
like internal combustion gas engines ortransportation fuels with more than 170,000
batteries. Additionally, there arealternative fuel vehicles in use across
disadvantages facing manufacturers hoping toCanada. Some of the most promising
commercialize fuel cells. See how they stackalternative fuel sources being suggested for
up as the next best fuel for alternative fuelfuture  use  in  motor vehicles are:* Ethanol
vehicles.Advantages* Fuel cells reduce
pollution that is caused by the burning of*  Propane
fossil fuels-their only by-product is water*
If the hydrogen used in the fuel cell comes*  Natural  gas
from the electrolysis of water, then using
fuel cells will eliminate greenhouse gases**  Biodiesel
Because fuel cells don't need conventional
fuels like oil or gas, they eliminate*  Electricity
economic dependence on politically unstable
countries* Since hydrogen can be manufactured* HydrogenAt this point, it's anyone's guess
anywhere there is water and electricity,what the future holds for alternative fuel
production of potential fuel can be allocatedvehicles.
in various areas* Fuel cells operate at a



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